When it comes to divorce in California, one date stands out as particularly important: the date of separation. While many assume the most critical date is when you file for divorce, the day you and your spouse officially part ways can have an even greater impact on your case.

From dividing assets to calculating spousal support, this date serves as a cornerstone in determining your financial future. Let’s unpack why it matters and how you can prove it.

What is Legal Separation in California?

In California, legal separation isn’t just about physical distance; it’s about intention. The state follows a "no-fault" divorce rule, meaning neither party has to prove wrongdoing. Instead, legal separation begins when one spouse decides the marriage is over and takes action to live independently without plans for reconciliation.

That sounds straightforward, but in practice, things can get tricky. Couples often disagree on when the separation began, and the burden of proving it can fall on you. That’s why documenting your decision is so important.

Why is the Date of Separation So Important?

The date of separation isn't just a marker on the calendar—it’s the dividing line between what’s shared and what’s yours alone. Understanding how this date affects property division is crucial to protecting your financial interests during a divorce. Let’s take a closer look at how it all breaks down.

Property Division

California is a community property state, which means all assets and debts acquired during the marriage are split equally. The date of separation determines when this division stops. For example, any income, purchases, or debts you accrue after separating are typically considered yours alone—not shared with your spouse.

Spousal Support

The length of your marriage directly affects spousal support. A marriage lasting 10 years or more may lead to longer or even indefinite support. By pinpointing the date of separation, you establish whether your marriage meets this threshold.

Tax Implications

Filing status on your tax return can change based on your separation date. Whether you file as married or single affects deductions, exemptions, and overall liability.

How to Prove the Date of Separation?

Establishing a clear and convincing date of separation involves more than just stating your intent. Here’s a guide to some of the most effective ways to document this important milestone:

Physical Separation

Moving out of the shared home is often seen as a strong indicator of separation. However, it’s not always definitive. If you continue to share meals, vacations, or financial responsibilities, a court might question whether separation has truly occurred.

Separate Residences

Maintaining separate living arrangements adds weight to your claim. Documents such as lease agreements, mortgage statements, or utility bills for a new residence can serve as proof.

Written Communication

Emails, text messages, or letters expressing your intent to separate can be compelling evidence. A simple message to your spouse saying, "I’m moving out because I believe our marriage is over," is hard to dispute.

Financial Independence

Changes in how you handle money also support your separation claim:

• Opening individual bank accounts
• Closing joint credit cards
• Updating loan applications or financial profiles to reflect your single status

Behavioral Changes

Shifts in your marital behavior are also telling. Consider these signs:

• Ceasing to wear wedding rings
• Celebrating holidays separately
• No longer attending social events as a couple

Witness Testimony

Sometimes, the people around you can provide valuable support for your case. Friends, family members, or therapists can share observations about the breakdown of your relationship.

Legal Documents

Documents like a separation agreement or a divorce petition can establish an official date. Even a letter from a family law attorney stating your intent to separate can help bolster your claim.

Additional Evidence to Strengthen Your Case

Courts take a holistic view when determining separation, so it’s wise to compile as much evidence as possible. Here are a few more items that can help:

• Financial Evidence: Tax returns filed as "single," updated pay stubs showing a new address, or canceled joint memberships.
• Living Arrangements: Moving receipts, photographs of your new home, or even a signed affidavit from a landlord.
• Government Records: Driver’s license or voter registration reflecting your updated residence.
• Communication Records: Social media posts announcing the change in your relationship status or messages to friends confirming the split.

Need Help Establishing Your Date of Separation?

Proving your date of separation is a critical step in your divorce, and getting it wrong can have lasting consequences. At Holstrom, Block & Parke, A Professional Law Corporation, we understand how essential this process is to secure your desired outcome.

With 300+ years of combined experience and a team of Certified Family Law Specialists, we’ve helped countless clients protect their rights during divorce.

If you’re unsure how to document your separation or need legal guidance tailored to your situation, we’re here to help. Call us today at 855-426-9111 or fill out our online contact form to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward securing your future.

Gray divorce—divorce among couples over 50—is becoming more common in California and across the country. In fact, the divorce rate for people over 50 has doubled since the 1990s, according to the Pew Research Center. This shift reflects a growing trend of couples reevaluating their personal goals and priorities as they enter new stages of life.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, A Professional Law Corporation, we understand the unique challenges of gray divorce. With over 300 years of combined legal experience, our team, including Certified Family Law Specialists (CFLS), is here to help guide you through the financial and emotional hurdles that come with divorcing later in life. Let’s discuss what gray divorce means, why it’s on the rise, and how you can prepare for this significant life change.

What Is Gray Divorce?

Gray divorce refers to divorces involving couples aged 50 and older. It often happens after decades of marriage, when couples realize they’ve grown apart, want different things, or feel they’ve outgrown their relationship. With people living longer and healthier lives, many feel empowered to pursue happiness in their later years, even if that means separating from their spouse.

Changing societal norms and shifting roles in marriage also play a role. For some, the end of child-rearing years serves as a natural point for reevaluation. Others may find their financial independence allows them to explore life outside of a long-term partnership.

The Unique Challenges of Gray Divorce

Divorcing later in life brings unique challenges that can feel overwhelming without proper planning and support. Here are some key considerations:

1. Complex Asset Division

After decades of marriage, you’ve likely accumulated substantial assets, including:

• Real estate: Family homes, vacation properties, and rental investments often need careful valuation and division.
• Retirement accounts: Dividing 401(k)s, IRAs, and pensions requires special attention, often involving Qualified Domestic Relations Orders (QDROs) to avoid penalties.
• Investments and savings: Stocks, bonds, and other accounts may carry tax implications that require professional advice.
• Businesses: For those owning a family business, the division process can be especially intricate.
• Heirlooms and personal property: Sentimental items can complicate negotiations.
• Spousal Support: A long-term marriage where one spouse may have been out of the workforce for an extended period.

2. Health Insurance and Healthcare Concerns

Losing access to a spouse’s employer-sponsored health insurance can create challenges. Depending on your age and situation, you may need to explore COBRA coverage or Medicare options.

3. Emotional Complexities

Divorcing after 50 often comes with a sense of lost identity. Starting over later in life can feel daunting, especially when retirement plans or relationships with adult children are impacted.

California-Specific Legal Considerations

California’s community property laws dictate that most assets and debts acquired during a marriage are divided equally. Anything acquired before marriage is considered separate property, including gifts, inheritances, and assets. This framework can have major implications for gray divorce.

Spousal Support

Spousal support, or alimony, is often a critical issue. California courts consider factors such as:

• The length of the marriage (longer marriages often lead to longer support periods)
• Each spouse’s earning capacity and financial needs
• The age and health of both parties
• The standard of living established during the marriage

Retirement Accounts and QDROs

Retirement savings are among the most valuable assets in a gray divorce. A QDRO ensures retirement accounts are split fairly without triggering taxes or penalties. It’s essential to work with an attorney familiar with the process to protect your financial future.

Strategies for a Smoother Gray Divorce

Preparation and support are essential to making the process as manageable as possible. Here’s how you can approach it:

Seek Legal Counsel Early

Working with an experienced attorney early on can help you understand your rights and options. This is especially important for complex financial matters like dividing assets or addressing spousal support.

Explore Mediation

Mediation can be a less adversarial and more cost-effective way to resolve disputes. Many couples find it easier to work through issues collaboratively, especially when retirement plans and family relationships are at stake.

Get Financial Advice

Consulting with a financial advisor can provide clarity on how asset division will impact your future. They can help you understand tax implications, manage investments, and plan for retirement.

Consider Counseling

Therapy can be a valuable tool for processing emotions and finding the strength to start fresh. Many also find it helpful to seek support in rebuilding their sense of identity after a long marriage.

Updating Your Estate Plan After Divorce

A gray divorce can significantly impact your estate plan. Once your divorce is finalized, be sure to:

• Update your will and any trusts
• Change beneficiary designations on life insurance policies, retirement accounts, and other assets
• Address any plans for blended families to ensure your wishes are honored
• Revoke any financial or healthcare powers of attorneys that name your ex spouse and appoint new agents.
• Update your advance healthcare directives to reflect your current wishes.
• Ensure property titles are changed to reflect new ownership after divorce.

Social Security and Gray Divorce

Did you know you may be eligible for Social Security benefits based on your ex-spouse’s work record? To qualify, your marriage must have lasted at least 10 years, and you must be unmarried, 62 or older, and eligible for benefits. If your ex-spouse’s record provides higher benefits than your own, you can claim the difference—without affecting their benefits.

Facing a Gray Divorce in California? We Can Help.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, A Professional Law Corporation, we know how overwhelming gray divorce can feel. With 300+ years of combined experience and a team that includes Certified Family Law Specialists, we’re here to help you confidently take the next step.

Ready to talk? Contact us today at 888-996-6919 to schedule a consultation. Together, we can help you secure the best outcome for your future.

Divorcing a spouse is never simple, but when that spouse lives in a different country, the process can feel even more overwhelming. If you’re in California and want to end your marriage to someone abroad, there are specific steps you need to follow to ensure the process is smooth and legal. This includes understanding how to serve divorce papers internationally and navigating the complexities of different legal systems.

While it might seem complicated, familiarizing yourself with California’s residency requirements for filing a divorce can significantly ease the process. At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we will help you understand the basics, and knowing your options can make a significant difference.

File for Divorce in California

The first step in starting your divorce is filing the necessary paperwork. To do this, you’ll need to meet the state’s residency requirements:

• Live in California for at least six months.
• Reside in the county where you’ll file for divorce for at least three months.

Once you meet these requirements, you can file the divorce petition in your county’s Superior Court. Be prepared to pay a filing fee, which typically ranges between $435 and $450. If the fee is a financial burden, you can request a fee waiver from the court.

Serving Divorce Papers Abroad

Serving divorce papers to a spouse in another country is where things can get tricky. The law requires that your spouse is properly notified about the divorce, and this notification must meet both the state law and the legal requirements of the country where your spouse resides. Here are your main options:

If You’re in Contact With Your Spouse:

1. Ask for a waiver of service.
   If your spouse is cooperative, they can agree to waive formal service by signing a waiver. This can save you time and hassle.
2. Send papers via certified mail.
   For some countries, serving papers through certified mail with a return receipt may suffice. However, always confirm the specific rules for the country involved.

If You’re Not in Contact or Your Spouse Is Uncooperative:

1. Use the Hague Service Convention.
   If the country is a member of the Hague Service Convention, you can submit the paperwork to a designated office in that country, which will handle the service process.
2. Public posting or publication.
   If your spouse cannot be located despite your best efforts, you can request court approval to serve them through alternative methods, like public posting or publication in a local newspaper.
3. Hire a professional.
   If your spouse is temporarily in another country or hard to locate, a private investigator or a local process server might be able to track them down and serve the papers.

Step 3: Proceed With the Divorce

Once your spouse has been served, the divorce can move forward. The process will depend on whether your spouse responds to the filing:

If Your Spouse Responds:

• Negotiate agreements.
  This might include dividing property, arranging spousal support, and deciding on child custody if you have children.
• Attend mediation or court hearings as needed.
  These steps help settle disputes before finalizing the divorce.

If Your Spouse Doesn’t Respond:

• Request a default judgment.
  If your spouse fails to respond within the required time, the court can proceed without their input. The exact timeline and procedures can vary by state and even by county.  However, you’ll still need to provide evidence and follow the court’s rules regarding child custody, support, and property division.

Important Things to Keep in Mind

When dealing with an international divorce, there are a few extra hurdles to consider. One of the biggest is how the courts handle cases involving spouses or assets in other countries. Let’s look at how jurisdiction comes into play and why it’s such an important factor in these situations.

Jurisdiction and International Challenges

While California courts have jurisdiction over divorces filed by state residents, personal jurisdiction over a spouse living abroad can be a hurdle. This issue might arise when dividing assets or enforcing custody arrangements. Courts may need to apply the state’s laws to assets located overseas, which could add complications.

Property Division

California is a community property state, meaning assets and debts acquired during the marriage are generally split 50/50. This rule extends to quasi-community property—assets acquired abroad that would have been community property if earned in California.

Child Custody

If children are involved, international custody issues may arise, especially if your spouse wishes to relocate the children. The Hague Convention on International Child Abduction may help resolve disputes, but it depends on the specific circumstances and the country involved.

Recognition of Your Divorce

While many countries recognize U.S. divorces, not all do. If your spouse’s country doesn’t recognize the divorce, additional steps may be required to ensure the legal dissolution of your marriage is recognized there. Given the complexities involved, it’s often advisable to consult with legal professionals familiar with both U.S. and international family law when dealing with international divorces.

Ready to Start the Process?

International divorces might feel daunting, but you don’t have to tackle this alone. With our experience in international family law, our firm at Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC is here to guide you through every step of the process. If you’re ready to move forward or have questions about your unique situation, we’re here to help.

Contact us today at 855-426-9111 to discuss your case and explore how we can make this process more manageable. Our team will provide personalized guidance tailored to your needs.

Divorce is never easy. It’s a time of emotional distress, major life adjustments, and often, uncertainty about the future. During this period, it’s natural to want connection and companionship.

But if you’re considering dating while your divorce is still pending in California, it’s important to tread carefully. While dating might feel like a way to regain some control and confidence,  divorce can bring legal and emotional complications that are worth understanding upfront.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, a Professional Law Corporation, we’ve spent decades helping families navigate California’s divorce process. With over 300 years of combined legal experience and a team that includes Certified Family Law Specialists, we’re dedicated to providing guidance that protects your rights and your future. In this article, we’ll discuss what you need to know before stepping into the dating scene during your divorce.

Potential Legal Impacts

The legal impacts of divorce can be complex, making it important to consider the key factors that may influence the process. In California, the state's no-fault divorce law is important for decisions like dividing property and spousal support. Let’s explore what this law means and how it could impact your case.

California’s No-Fault Divorce Law

California is a no-fault divorce state, meaning courts don’t consider fault, such as adultery when granting a divorce. Dating before your divorce is final can still affect your case, especially if it looks improper. Judges may not directly penalize you for dating, but your actions could impact decisions about spousal support, property division, or child custody.

Custody Considerations

Bringing a new partner into your children’s lives too soon can affect child custody. If your dating life disrupts their routines or emotional well-being, it could raise concerns for the court. For instance, if your new partner causes conflict or your children feel uncomfortable, a judge might adjust custody or visitation plans.

What to avoid:

• Introducing a new partner to your children early on.
• Allowing your new relationship to interfere with established parenting schedules.

Waste of Marital Assets

Using marital funds on a new relationship—such as buying expensive gifts, taking trips, or covering shared living costs—can be viewed as wasting assets. Courts take this seriously and might adjust property division to make up for these expenses. Example: If you use joint funds to pay for a weekend getaway with a new partner, it could come back to haunt you during property negotiations.

Emotional Considerations

Divorce is an emotional journey that affects everyone involved. While personal feelings are important, it’s just as crucial to think about how the situation might affect children, who often face their own challenges during this period.

Impact on Children

Children are often the most vulnerable during a divorce. Seeing a parent date before the dust has settled can be confusing or even hurtful. They may worry about their family’s future or feel caught in a loyalty conflict.

How to handle this thoughtfully:

• Focus on providing stability and reassurance to your children.
• Wait to introduce a new partner until the divorce is finalized and your children have adjusted.

Complicating the Divorce Process

Divorces can already be contentious, and dating can add fuel to the fire. Jealousy or resentment from your spouse may lead to delays in negotiations, making it harder to reach agreements on critical issues like property division or parenting plans.

Rebound Relationships

It’s tempting to jump into a new relationship as a way to cope, but rebound relationships are often short-lived and emotionally fraught. Without processing the emotions tied to your divorce, you may find it harder to make clear, healthy choices in a new relationship.

Recommendations

Making important decisions during a divorce can feel overwhelming, but having clear advice can help. A good first step is to consult with an attorney who can offer expert guidance specific to your situation.

1. Consult with an Attorney

Before entering the dating scene, consult with a California family law attorney. They can provide personalized advice based on your circumstances and help you avoid missteps that could harm your case.

2. Prioritize Your Children

Your kids’ emotional needs should come first. Avoid introducing new partners until they’ve had time to process the changes in their family.

3. Be Honest

If you choose to date, be upfront with your attorney and transparent about how it might impact your divorce. Hiding aspects of your personal life can create legal complications down the road.

4. Be Mindful of Social Media

Resist the urge to post about your dating life online. Photos or comments can easily be misinterpreted and used against you in court.

5. Focus on Healing

Take time for yourself. Seek counseling, reconnect with hobbies, and allow yourself the space to grieve the end of your marriage. Entering a new relationship with a clear mind and heart is essential for building a healthy future.

Let Holstrom, Block & Parke Help You Protect Your Interests

Divorce is challenging, but you don’t have to go through it alone. At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we bring years of experience and compassion to every case. If you’re facing questions about dating during divorce—or any other legal concern—we’re here to provide answers and protect what matters most to you.

Contact us today at 855-426-9111 for a confidential consultation with a Certified Family Law Specialist. Let us help you find the best way forward.

Divorce can feel overwhelming—both emotionally and logistically. Many people picture a heated courtroom battle when they think about divorce, but that’s not always the case. The truth is, in California, there are ways to end your marriage without setting foot in a courtroom. If you and your spouse are willing to work together, some paths can save you time, stress, and money.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, a Professional Law Corporation, we’ve spent years helping couples get through the divorce process in California. With over 300 years of combined legal experience, including a large number of Certified Family Law Specialists (CFLS)*, we’re dedicated to finding the best solutions for our clients. Let’s explore how you might be able to avoid the courtroom during your divorce.

Exploring Out-of-Court Divorce Solutions

Ending your marriage without court is possible through several approaches, with uncontested divorce being one of the simplest options.

Uncontested Divorce

An uncontested divorce is one of the simplest ways to avoid court. This process works when both spouses agree on key issues, such as:

• Division of assets and debts
• Child custody and visitation schedules
• Child support and spousal support (if applicable)

While it’s possible to finalize an uncontested divorce largely outside of court, California law still requires a judge to review and approve the agreement. In some cases, a brief court appearance might be necessary to finalize the process.

Mediation

Mediation involves working with a neutral third party, known as a mediator, to resolve disputes. The mediator helps both spouses reach agreements on contentious issues without taking sides. This approach is especially useful for couples who want to maintain control over the outcome while reducing conflict.

Here’s what you can expect during mediation:

• Collaborative discussions led by the mediator
• Focus on finding solutions that work for both parties
• Privacy throughout the process, unlike public court proceedings

While mediation isn’t legally binding on its own, agreements reached during mediation can be submitted to the court for approval.

Collaborative Divorce

Collaborative divorce is another option for avoiding the courtroom. In this process:

• Both spouses hire attorneys trained in collaborative law.
• Everyone commits to resolving the divorce outside of court.
• If the process fails, the attorneys must withdraw, and new representation is required for litigation.

This method encourages open communication and cooperation, often resulting in more amicable outcomes.

Arbitration

While arbitration is less common in divorce cases, it’s an option for couples who can’t agree on certain issues but want to avoid traditional litigation. In arbitration:

• Both parties present their case to a private arbitrator (often a retired judge or experienced attorney).
• The arbitrator makes binding decisions on unresolved matters.

Arbitration is typically faster and more private than court, though it’s still a more formal process than mediation or collaborative divorce.

Benefits of Avoiding Court

Choosing an out-of-court option has several advantages:

Reduced Stress and Conflict

Litigation often escalates tension between spouses. Out-of-court options prioritize cooperation, which can make the process less emotionally draining.

Greater Control Over Outcomes

When you work together outside of court, you have more say in the final agreement. This ensures the result reflects your unique family’s needs.

Cost Savings

Avoiding court can save you thousands of dollars in attorney fees and court costs. Mediation and collaborative divorce are generally more affordable than traditional litigation.

Faster Resolution

Court schedules can be unpredictable, leading to delays. Out-of-court options allow you to move at your own pace, often resolving matters more quickly.

Increased Privacy

Court filings are public records, but mediation and collaborative divorce keep personal details confidential.

When Court May Be Necessary?

While avoiding court is possible in many cases, there are situations where court involvement is unavoidable:

• High Conflict or Domestic Violence
  If there’s a history of domestic violence or an inability to compromise, court intervention might be necessary to ensure everyone’s safety.
• Complex Financial Issues
  Dividing complex assets like businesses, investments, or retirement accounts may require judicial oversight.
• Protecting Children’s Interests
  When parents can’t agree on custody arrangements, the court steps in to prioritize the child’s well-being.
• Enforcing Agreements
  If one party fails to honor agreements, such as paying support or dividing assets, a court order may be required to enforce compliance.

Facing Divorce in California? Holstrom, Block & Parke Can Help.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we understand that every divorce is unique. Whether you’re considering mediation, collaborative divorce, or another option, our team is here to guide you every step of the way. With extensive experience in all types of divorce cases, including uncontested divorce and high-conflict situations, we’re committed to helping you find the best path forward.

If you’re ready to discuss your options, call us today to schedule a consultation with one of our Certified Family Law Specialists. We’ll work with you to explore solutions that fit your needs—so you can move forward with confidence.

Divorce is often a long and stressful journey, and once you’ve gone through the process, the last thing you want is uncertainty about its completion. Whether you've been waiting for months or even years, the thought of “Is my divorce final?” can hang over you like a cloud.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we understand that finding closure and being sure that your divorce is legally finalized is crucial for moving forward with confidence.

Our team of Certified Family Law Specialists, with over 300 years of combined experience, has helped countless clients navigate the California divorce process, providing them with clarity during a challenging time.

So, how can you be certain that your divorce is final in California? Let’s break down the steps to verify your divorce decree and make sure everything is in order.

Understanding the Divorce Process in California

Divorce in California follows a specific set of steps, and it’s important to understand where you are in the process. Here’s a brief overview:

1. Filing the petition: You (or your spouse) start by filing a petition (Forms FL-100 and FL-110) with the court. These documents initiate the divorce process.
2. Serving the respondent: The other party must be formally notified, allowing them to respond.
3. Waiting for a response: Once the respondent is served, they have 30 days to reply. If they don’t respond, the case could move forward with a default judgment.
4. The 6-month waiting period: California law imposes a mandatory 6-month waiting period from the date of service before a divorce can be finalized.
5. Negotiations or trials: Many divorces involve negotiations or mediation, and if no agreement is reached, a trial may be necessary to resolve disputes.
6. Final judgment (Form FL-180): Once all issues are resolved, a final judgment is signed by a judge and entered into the court records, officially ending the marriage.

Why Verification Matters

The final divorce decree, also called the "judgment," is the legal paper that officially ends your marriage. But how can you be sure your divorce is truly final?

Verifying that your divorce is final is crucial to protecting your future. If you assume your divorce is complete without confirming it, you could face serious complications down the road.

For instance, if you remarry without a finalized divorce, your new marriage may not be legally valid, leading to legal issues that could affect your personal life and financial well-being.

Also, issues with dividing property can come up later, especially if the divorce wasn’t officially recorded. You might end up unexpectedly sharing assets or dealing with arguments over property that should have been sorted out during the divorce.

Besides these worries, there are other possible legal and financial responsibilities you might not expect. If your divorce isn’t fully finalized, you could still be responsible for joint debts or financial commitments, like taxes or mortgages, that you thought were already taken care of.

It can also affect your ability to claim certain rights, such as spousal or child support.

Key Indicators Your Divorce is Final

Look for these signs to confirm your divorce is final.

Judgment Signed and Filed

The first critical step in finalizing your divorce is obtaining the judge’s signature on the final judgment (Form FL-180). But it doesn’t end there. The judgment must also be filed with the court clerk. Without proper filing, your divorce may not be officially recorded, leaving your legal status in limbo.

Notice of Entry of Judgment

Once the judgment is filed, the court will send out a Notice of Entry of Judgment (Form FL-190). This document shows that the final judgment is officially part of the court records. If you’ve received this notice, it’s a good sign that your divorce is legally recognized.

Waiting Period

California law requires a mandatory 6-month waiting period from the date of service of the divorce petition. Even if the judge signs the final judgment before this period is up, your divorce won’t be officially final until six months and one day after service. If you’re unsure of the exact date, double-check the date of service or response.

Effective Date of Termination

Sometimes the judgment specifies an 'effective date of termination,' which may differ from the final judgment date. Your divorce is only final once this date has passed, so it’s crucial to look for this detail in your paperwork.

How to Verify Your Divorce Decree

Even if you believe your divorce is final, it’s always a good idea to double-check. Here’s how you can verify your divorce decree in California.

Obtain a Copy of the Decree

First, you’ll need a certified copy of your divorce decree. This can be requested from the court where your divorce was finalized. You may be required to pay a small fee, and processing times can vary, so be sure to check with your courthouse for specific details.

Review the Decree for Specific Language

When reviewing your divorce decree, look for specific language that confirms the dissolution of your marriage, such as terms like "dissolution of marriage" or "restoration of single status." These terms indicate that your divorce is final.

Confirm Entry with the Court Clerk

If you want to be certain, contact the court clerk’s office to confirm that your divorce decree has been officially entered into the court records. This additional step can provide peace of mind, especially if you plan to remarry or need to finalize property division.

Online Verification

California also offers an online portal where you can search for court records and verify the status of your divorce. This option can be particularly useful if you need quick confirmation. However, keep in mind that online records may not be available for divorces filed before 1974. You can visit the California Courts website for more information.

Practical Matters After Divorce

Once your divorce is final, there are a few practical steps you’ll want to take to tie up any loose ends. These include:

• Updating legal documents like wills and life insurance policies.
• Closing any joint credit card accounts and opening new ones in your name.
• Transferring vehicle titles with the DMV, if necessary.
• Informing your employer to update tax withholdings and benefits.

Addressing these matters can help ensure a smooth transition into your post-divorce life and prevent any future financial or legal complications.

Need Help with Your Divorce in California?

If you’re still uncertain about the status of your divorce or need assistance with any aspect of the divorce process, we’re here to help. At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, our team of Certified Family Law Specialists is committed to guiding you through each step, providing the clarity and support you need. Contact us today at 855-426-9111 to schedule a consultation.

Finding out your spouse cashed out their 401k during divorce can feel devastating.  The idea of losing part of your retirement savings when you're already going through the difficult process of divorce is overwhelming.

But don’t panic. In California, the law has built-in protections that ensure you aren't left empty-handed if your spouse makes a move like this. So, what are your options?

Let’s look into the steps you can take and how the legal system can help you recover what's rightfully yours.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we know how frustrating it can be to deal with financial surprises during a divorce. With decades of experience in family law, we’re ready to help you fight for your rights and protect your financial future.

So, if you’ve just found out your spouse has withdrawn funds from their 401k, let’s walk through what you need to know.

Consequences of Cashing Out a 401(k) in a Community Property State

First, let’s clarify how California law handles asset division in divorce.

California Law

California is a community property state, meaning all assets, including retirement accounts like a 401(k), earned during the marriage belong equally to both spouses.

If your spouse cashed out the 401(k) without your knowledge or before the divorce was finalized, that’s a violation of this principle. It’s a clear attempt to get ahead in the asset division process, which the courts don’t take lightly.

Illegal Disposal of Assets

Withdrawing funds from a 401(k) or other marital assets without consent isn’t just unfair—it’s illegal. In California, this is known as "dissipation of marital assets."

Simply put, your spouse can’t make unilateral decisions about shared money during a divorce without your permission, and the courts are not likely to look kindly on this kind of behavior.

Financial Penalties

If your spouse is under the age of 59½ and withdraws money from a 401(k), they’ll also face a 10% early withdrawal penalty.

Additionally, any amount they take out will be taxed as ordinary income, which means they could end up with less than they expected after taxes are applied. While this doesn’t directly benefit you, it can come into play when it’s time to seek reimbursement.

Court Orders and Reimbursement

Here’s where things get a little brighter. If your spouse cashed out the 401(k) without your permission, the court can order them to reimburse you for your share. This includes covering any losses you’ve experienced because of the taxes or penalties that hit when they cashed out the funds.

So, while it may feel like a setback, the legal system is on your side.

What Are My Options?

With the legal framework in mind, here’s what you should do next.

Immediate Action

The first thing you’ll want to do is take immediate action. Time is critical, and the quicker you respond, the better your chances of recovering the funds.

Contact an Attorney

As soon as you discover that your spouse has withdrawn funds from their 401(k), reach out to an attorney. This isn’t something you should handle on your own. A lawyer can guide you through the legal steps needed to protect your rights.

Consider Legal Separation

If you haven’t already filed for divorce, but suspect your spouse is making financial moves like this, consider filing for legal separation. This can freeze assets and stop further dissipation.

Gather Information

Once you’ve secured legal help, you’ll want to collect all relevant financial documentation to strengthen your case.

Document Everything

Gather every piece of financial information you can. This includes 401(k) statements, bank statements, and any other financial records. You’ll also want to look for credit card bills, pension plan details, or prenuptial agreements that might be relevant.

Consult a Financial Advisor

If the idea of dealing with all these financial details feels overwhelming, consider getting advice from a financial professional. They can help you understand the long-term tax effects of the withdrawal and create a plan to protect the rest of your assets.

Legal Recourse

Once you’ve gathered your information, there are legal avenues available to help you recover your share of the 401(k).

• Freeze the Account: Your attorney can help you get a court order to freeze any remaining retirement accounts, stopping any further withdrawals.
• Secure Your Share: With your lawyer’s help, you can pursue your rightful share of the withdrawn funds, including any penalties or tax losses that occurred.
• Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO): To make sure future retirement funds are divided properly, your attorney will create a QDRO. This legal order ensures that the division of retirement assets follows the law and helps avoid extra tax penalties.

Settlement vs. Litigation

There are generally two routes you can take when dividing assets during a divorce—settling through negotiation or taking the case to court.

While settlements are usually faster and less expensive, going to court might be needed if your spouse isn’t cooperating or is hiding assets. Your attorney will help you decide the best approach for your specific situation.

Prenuptial Agreements

If you and your spouse had a prenuptial agreement in place, the situation surrounding the 401(k) might be a bit different. A prenuptial agreement can help protect certain assets in a divorce, including retirement accounts.

However, it’s essential that this agreement was properly drafted and executed to hold up in court. If you’re unsure whether your prenup covers retirement funds, it’s time to take a closer look.

Hiding Assets

Finally, it’s important to note that hiding assets—whether it’s a 401(k) or anything else—is illegal during a divorce.

If your spouse tried to cash out the account secretly or failed to report it, they could be held in contempt of court, and the consequences are serious.

Get Help Protecting Your 401(k) in a California Divorce

Don’t let your spouse’s financial decisions compromise your future. If you’ve just discovered that your spouse cashed out their 401(k), we’re here to help.

At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, our Certified Family Law Specialists have the experience and knowledge to ensure you get your fair share. Contact us today at 855-426-9111  to schedule a consultation. We’re committed to protecting your interests and securing the best possible outcome for you during this challenging time.

Divorce can be a whirlwind of emotions and legal considerations. One of the biggest questions you may face is what happens to the family home.

If you’ve been through the ups and downs of divorce in California, you’ve likely asked yourself, "Can I assume the mortgage?" For many, staying in the home is important—whether for stability, familiarity, or keeping life as steady as possible for the kids.

The good news is, in certain situations, assuming a mortgage is possible in California. Let’s walk through what that process looks like, and whether it's a good option for you.

What is a Loan Assumption?

A loan assumption allows you to take over the current mortgage, keeping the original interest rate and payment schedule. Essentially, the loan is transferred into your name alone, and your ex-spouse's name is removed from it.

This is different from simply continuing to pay the mortgage without assuming it—because with a loan assumption, you become solely responsible for the debt, and your ex is legally off the hook.

Assuming the loan allows you to keep the same monthly payments, which can be especially helpful if you secured a great interest rate.

But here's the key: while you take on the financial responsibility, your ex-spouse will no longer be tied to the loan, giving both parties a clearer financial path forward.

Why Consider Loan Assumption?

Here’s why assuming the mortgage can be beneficial during a divorce:

• Removing your ex-spouse’s name: Assumption removes your ex from the mortgage, so they won’t have any more ties to the house or the loan.
• Keeping the interest rate: If you locked in a low interest rate before rates spiked, the assumption can preserve this advantage.
• Avoiding closing costs: Unlike refinancing, assuming the mortgage allows you to skip many of the closing costs that come with a new loan.
• Stability for your family: Keeping the home may provide much-needed stability, especially if children are involved, avoiding the disruption of moving.
• Control over the property: Once the mortgage is in your name, you’ll have full control to sell, refinance, or borrow against the property in the future without involving your ex.

Types of Mortgages and Assumability

Some loans are assumable, but it's crucial to know your mortgage type. Here's a breakdown of the common types:

Assumable vs. Non-Assumable Loans

• FHA, VA, and USDA loans: These types of loans generally allow for assumption, meaning you can take over the loan without triggering major complications.
• Conventional loans: Most conventional loans have a "due-on-sale" clause, meaning they can't be assumed when ownership changes. However, there are exceptions to this rule, particularly in cases of divorce.

Garn-St. Germain Act

The Garn-St. Germain Act permits certain mortgage assumptions in divorce cases, even for conventional loans. Basically, it can help you avoid the "due-on-sale" clause in some situations, making it easier to assume a mortgage during a divorce.

VA Loan Considerations

For veterans with a VA loan, assumption is possible, but there’s an important caveat. If a non-veteran ex-spouse assumes the loan, it may impact the veteran’s entitlement to future VA loans.

It’s worth discussing this with your lender or an attorney to understand the full implications.

How to Qualify for a Mortgage Assumption?

Start by contacting your lender if you're interested in assuming the mortgage. Here’s a general rundown of what’s involved:

• Lender approval: First and foremost, you’ll need the lender’s blessing to assume the loan. Start by contacting them early in the divorce process to see if assumption is even possible.
• Creditworthiness: Lenders will want to ensure that you’re financially able to handle the mortgage payments. They’ll consider factors like your credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and overall financial history.
• Required documentation: Be prepared to provide a variety of documents, including your divorce decree, pay stubs, bank statements, and credit reports. The lender will want a full picture of your financial situation.
• Divorce decree language: Make sure your divorce decree clearly states the terms of any spousal support or property division that might affect your ability to assume the mortgage.

The Loan Assumption Process

Here’s a quick guide to the steps involved in assuming a mortgage:

1. Consult your divorce decree: Ensure it outlines terms regarding the home and mortgage.
2. Contact your lender: Find out if your mortgage is assumable and what the requirements are.
3. Undergo credit evaluation: Your lender will look at your financial health to determine if you qualify.
4. Provide documentation: Gather and submit all necessary financial documents.
5. Negotiate terms: Work with the lender to finalize the assumption details.
6. Sign the agreement: Once the lender approves, you’ll sign the assumption agreement to transfer responsibility.
7. Legal and financial adjustments: Update legal documents and pay any fees.
8. Notify relevant parties: Inform your homeowners' insurance, HOA, and other relevant entities.

Costs Involved in a Mortgage Assumption

You may avoid closing costs, but other fees still apply:

• Assumption fees: Lenders typically charge a fee for processing the assumption, so be prepared for this.
• Credit report, appraisal, and legal fees: Additional costs may include obtaining your credit report, appraising the property, and covering legal fees.
• Equalization payments: If there’s a disparity in the home’s value after the assumption, an equalization payment may be required to even things out between you and your ex.

A Word of Caution

Before jumping into a mortgage assumption, be sure to understand the potential risks:

Liability

If the loan goes into default after you assume it, your ex-spouse might still face some legal responsibility, depending on the terms of the original loan.

Lender Communication

It’s critical to communicate clearly with the lender and ensure all potential risks are discussed before signing on the dotted line.

Alternatives to Mortgage Assumption

If assuming the mortgage after divorce isn’t the best option for you, there are several alternatives to consider.

Each offers a different approach to managing the family home and navigating your financial future, depending on your personal goals and circumstances.

Refinancing

One of the most common alternatives is refinancing the mortgage. This involves obtaining a new mortgage in your name alone, essentially replacing the existing mortgage.

While refinancing can give you full control over the property, it often comes with closing costs and depends on your creditworthiness and income. If you qualify, it can be a clean way to separate finances from your ex-spouse.

Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC)

A Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC) allows you to access the equity in the home to finance a buyout of your ex-spouse’s share. This option is particularly useful if you wish to remain in the home but need cash to settle the division of property.

However, it increases your overall debt and may require careful planning to ensure payments are manageable.

Selling the Home

Selling the home is a straightforward option that allows both parties to divide the proceeds and move on.

This can be an ideal choice if neither spouse can afford the mortgage on their own or if the home holds too many emotional ties. Selling provides a clean financial break, enabling both parties to start fresh.

Buyout Arrangement

In a buyout arrangement, one spouse purchases the other’s share of the home. This allows the buying spouse to retain ownership without the need for refinancing or mortgage assumption.

It can be a simpler solution, provided the buying spouse can afford to pay the agreed value of the ex-spouse’s share.

Purchasing a New Home

Purchasing a new home provides a fresh start, allowing both individuals to move forward without the financial and emotional connections to the previous family home. For many, this can be the best way to begin a new chapter and start building equity in a different property. Financial and Tax Considerations

When considering mortgage assumption during a divorce, it's important to think about the financial and tax implications.

Assuming a mortgage can have a direct impact on your credit and debt-to-income ratio, which lenders carefully assess. This change could affect your ability to take on new loans or credit in the future, as your debt load will increase.

You might also benefit from tax advantages, such as the mortgage interest deduction, which could reduce your taxable income and help ease the financial burden.

However, other costs like property taxes and home maintenance are now solely your responsibility. Additionally, you’ll need to be mindful of potential capital gains taxes if you eventually sell the property.

Refinancing options may become more limited depending on your financial standing after the assumption. Insurance policies for both the home and mortgage will also need to be updated to reflect your new sole ownership.

Facing Divorce in California? We Can Help.

Divorce is never easy, and when it comes to the home, emotions can run high. At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we understand the importance of protecting your future.

Our team of Certified Family Law Specialists is ready to guide you through every step of the process. Contact us today at 855-426-9111  for a consultation, and let us help you find the best solution for your unique situation.

Divorce can be tough, and as you navigate the process in California, you may be wondering if your divorce records will be available to the public. There are multiple reasons that someone may not want this information to be revealed.

Perhaps they just want to retain their privacy around this sensitive matter, the divorce could affect their business dealings, or maybe they just want to avoid the social judgment that can come along with it.

Whatever the case may be, we can help you understand the process so that you know your options. In California, divorce records are considered public information, meaning anyone can access them unless specific circumstances allow for privacy. Let’s break down what this means, why it matters, and how you can access or potentially protect your records.

What Are Divorce Records?

Divorce records include all the documents filed in your case, such as:

• Divorce Decree: The official court document that finalizes your divorce. It includes important details like property division, spousal support, and child custody arrangements.
• Financial Affidavits: These are income and expense declarations that provide a snapshot of your financial situation during the divorce.
• Custody Agreements: Parenting plans that outline how children will be raised after a divorce, including time-sharing and decision-making responsibilities.
• Property Division Orders: Details on how assets and debts are divided between you and your spouse.

Other documents, like motions, pleadings, and court orders, are also part of the public record. Unless your case involves sensitive issues or you request a special court order, most of this information will be available to anyone who requests it.

California Law and Public Access

California operates under the California Public Records Act, which generally makes most court records, including divorce cases, available to the public. According to this law, court records are open unless the court decides to seal them for specific reasons. It's important to understand the distinction between court records and public records:

• Court records include everything filed in your divorce case, from initial petitions to final judgments. These are stored at the courthouse where your case was handled.
• Public records refer to the information that anyone can access, either online or in person, without needing a specific legal reason.

Who Can Access Divorce Records?

Practically anyone can access divorce records, but some of the more common people who might request them include:

• Researchers: Those studying family law trends or public policies might review divorce cases.
• Journalists: Divorce cases involving public figures often attract media attention.
• Individuals in Legal Proceedings: If you're involved in a legal case where a previous divorce impacts child custody or support issues, obtaining records from that divorce may be relevant.
• Curious Individuals: Anyone, from neighbors to distant relatives, can access these records out of curiosity.

How To Access Divorce Records in California

If you’re looking to access divorce records in California, it’s relatively simple. Here’s how you can do it:

1. Identify the Relevant Superior Court: Find the county where the divorce was finalized. This is key because divorce records are kept in the Superior Court of the county where the divorce occurred.
2. Visit the Courthouse in Person: You can go directly to the court's clerk's office and request a copy of the records. Keep in mind that there might be a fee associated with obtaining copies.
3. Submit a Request by Mail: If visiting the courthouse isn’t possible, you can mail in a request with case information (like case number or the names of the parties involved) and any required fees.
4. Check Online Resources: Many counties offer online access to divorce records through their websites. However, not all details may be available this way.
5. Utilize the California Courts Website: The California Courts website provides resources for finding court information and accessing public records.

Privacy Concerns

Even though divorce records are public, there are ways to protect some of your personal information. Privacy can be a real concern, especially for those with high-profile or sensitive cases. Here’s what you need to know about privacy and divorce records:

• Mediation Confidentiality: If your divorce involves mediation, the information shared in those sessions is confidential and won’t be part of the public record.
• Sealing Records: In rare cases, you may be able to ask the court to seal your records. This is usually reserved for situations involving domestic violence, child abuse, or cases with highly sensitive financial information. However, sealing records is not automatic—you’ll need to show the court why privacy is essential in your case.
• Redaction: While divorce records are public, certain sensitive information, such as Social Security numbers and financial account details, is automatically redacted from public view. This helps to maintain some level of privacy, even though the bulk of your case is accessible to the public.
• Collaborative Divorce: For those who want to keep more information out of the public eye, a collaborative divorce might be a good option. This process focuses on negotiating terms privately, potentially reducing the amount of information that ends up in public records.

Concerned About Your Privacy During Divorce in California?

Divorce is a personal and challenging experience, and concerns about your privacy are completely understandable. At Holstrom, Block & Parke, APLC, we’re here to help you understand your rights when it comes to divorce records.

If privacy is a priority for you, our team of Certified Family Law Specialists can provide guidance and help you explore your options to protect sensitive information. Contact us today at (855)-426-9111 for a confidential consultation, and let’s discuss how we can assist you during this process.